Loops

Loops allow you to repeat code multiple times, which is essential for many programming tasks.

Basic Loop

The simplest way to repeat code a specific number of times:

loop from 1 to 10 using i
    output i
    output ""

This prints numbers 1 through 10.

For Loop

Iterate through a range of values:

for all the integers between 1 and 10 using i
    output "Number: {i}"

For Loop with Arrays

Iterate through array elements:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

for each fruit in fruits
    output fruit

While Loop

Repeat while a condition is true:

i = 1
while i is less than or equal to 10
    output i
    i++

The condition is checked before each iteration.

While Loop Example

count = 0
while count < 5
    output "Count: {count}"
    count = count + 1

Do-While Loop

Execute code at least once, then repeat while a condition is true:

do
    output "Enter a positive number: "
    input num
while num <= 0

The condition is checked after each iteration, so the code runs at least once.

Do-While Example

attempts = 0
do
    output "Enter password: "
    input password
    attempts++
while password != "secret" AND attempts < 3

Repeat-Until Loop

Repeat until a condition becomes true:

repeat
    output "Enter 'quit' to exit: "
    input command
until command == "quit"

This is the opposite of while - it continues until the condition is true.

Repeat-Until Example

sum = 0
count = 1

repeat
    sum = sum + count
    count++
until count > 100

output "Sum of 1 to 100: {sum}"

Loop Control

Break (Jump)

Exit a loop early:

for i from 1 to 100
    if i == 50
        jump  // or break
    output i

This loop stops when i reaches 50.

Continue (Skip)

Skip to the next iteration:

for i from 1 to 10
    if i % 2 == 0
        skip  // or continue
    output i  // only outputs odd numbers

Example: Finding a Value

numbers = [3, 7, 12, 19, 24, 31]
target = 19
found = false

for each num in numbers
    if num equals target
        output "Found {target}!"
        found = true
        jump

if NOT found
    output "{target} not found"

Nested Loops

Loops inside loops:

// Multiplication table
for i from 1 to 5
    for j from 1 to 5
        product = i * j
        output "{i} × {j} = {product}"
    output ""  // Blank line after each row

2D Array Iteration

grid = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

for each row in grid
    for each value in row
        output value " "
    output ""  // New line after each row

Loop Examples

Countdown

count = 10
while count > 0
    output count
    count--
output "Blast off!"

Sum of Numbers

sum = 0
for i from 1 to 100
    sum += i
output "Sum of 1 to 100: {sum}"

Input Validation

valid = false

while NOT valid
    output "Enter a number between 1 and 10: "
    input num

    if num >= 1 AND num <= 10
        valid = true
        output "Thank you!"
    else
        output "Invalid input. Try again."

Search and Exit

names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David"]
searchName = "Charlie"

for i from 0 to length of names - 1
    if names[i] equals searchName
        output "Found {searchName} at position {i}"
        jump

Choosing the Right Loop

• loop from/to: When you know exactly how many iterations you need
• for: When iterating through a range or collection
• while: When you don’t know how many iterations in advance
• do-while: When the code must run at least once
• repeat-until: When the exit condition is more natural to express as “until true” rather than “while false”